



Testudo graeca ibera Juvenile. Rib. early outgrowth of bone

Testudo hermanni 6 month old Desmal ossification

Testudo graeca ibera Rib, normal outgrowth in carapace

Testudo marginata Carapax Normal (Fullgrown)


Testudo boettgeri Maxilla Normal

Testudo g. graeca Navel Opening wide Cranial margin thickened; Intestine visible

Testudo g. graeca Abscence of left hind leg. Liver Prolapse via umbilicus

Chelonoides carbonaria Pyramiding of scutes underlying bone


Testudo hermanni ± 7 months old Bulging scutes – inside carapace

Chelonoides denticulata Carapace Bulging seams between scutes

Mauremys caspica. Carapace, Ca depleted, large amounts of osteoid: Rickets

Mauremys caspica Carapace, Ca depleted, large amounts of osteoid: Rickets

Mauremys caspica Carapace, Ca depleted, large amounts of osteoid: Rickets

Testudo hermanni Carapace ingrowth connective tissue in bone marrow (Regeneration?)

Testudo g. ibera Toe Compacta irregular

Testudo hermanni Os phalanx Osteolysis

Testudo hermanni Shoulder joints arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis




Testudo hermanni Plastron (Excessive growth in youth)

Testudo hermanni Femur Juvenile osteoporosis

Stigmochelys pardalis Elbow joint Moderate bone formation Juvenile osteoporosis Obj 2.5

Trachemys s. elegans Experimental laparotomy. 6 Months after surgery



Testudo g. ibera. Jaw irregular bone structure

Testudo hermanni Muscle macrophage myositis

Testudo hermanni Muscle Myositis Multinuclear cells


Testudo hermanni Muscle dystrophic

Testudo hermanni Myositis chronic

Testudo hermanni joint Synovia papillae (normal)




Trachemys s.elegans Muscle ventral side lung Cross band myofibrillar degeneration

Trachemys s.elegans Muscle ventral side lung Cross band myofibrillar degeneration

Pangshura tentoria Wounds healed (dog bite)


Testudo horsfieldi Carapace inflammation



Trach s elegans Experimental laparotomy 6 months later

Testudo marginata Plastron 2 years after ventral entry. Necrosis of the original resected piece (R). + Newly produced scar tissue (L)

Testudo graeca Plastron after surgery Newly produced bone

Testudo graeca Plastron after surgery Newly produced bone
Geochelone carbonaria 14 days old normal
Chelus fimbriatus (Mata mata) Carapax, vertebrae, ribs

Stigmochelys pardalis Neonate Plastron folded


Testudo graeca ibera Juvenile. Rib. early outgrowth of bone

Testudo hermanni 6 month old Desmal ossification

Testudo graeca ibera Rib, normal outgrowth in carapace

Testudo marginata Carapax Normal (Fullgrown)

Testudo boettgeri Maxilla Normal



Testudo g. graeca Navel Opening wide Cranial margin thickened; Intestine visible

Testudo g. graeca Abscence of left hind leg. Liver Prolapse via umbilicus

Chelonoides carbonaria Pyramiding of scutes underlying bone

Testudo hermanni Vertebral column Scoliosis

Chelonoides carbonaria Scoliosis and inside pyramidal shell growth

Testudo hermanni ± 7 months old Bulging scutes – inside carapace

Chelonoides denticulata Carapace Bulging seams between scutes

Mauremys caspica. Carapace, Ca depleted, large amounts of osteoid: Rickets

Mauremys caspica Carapace, Ca depleted, large amounts of osteoid: Rickets

Mauremys caspica Carapace, Ca depleted, large amounts of osteoid: Rickets



Testudo g. ibera Toe Compacta irregular

Testudo hermanni Os phalanx Osteolysis

Testudo hermanni Shoulder joints arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Elbow joint Arthritis

Testudo hermanni Carapax (Exessive growth in youth)

Testudo hermanni Plastron (Excessive growth in youth)

Testudo hermanni Femur Juvenile osteoporosis

Stigmochelys pardalis Elbow joint Moderate bone formation Juvenile osteoporosis Obj 2.5

Trachemys s. elegans Experimental laparotomy. 6 Months after surgery

Testudo g. ibera. Jaw irregular bone structure

Testudo hermanni Muscle macrophage myositis

Testudo hermanni Muscle Myositis Multinuclear cells

Testudo hermanni Muscle dystrophic

Testudo hermanni Myositis chronic

Testudo hermanni joint Synovia papillae (normal)

Testudo hermanni Joint Synovia papilla

Trachemys s.elegans Muscle ventral side lung Cross band myofibrillar degeneration

Trachemys s.elegans Muscle ventral side lung Cross band myofibrillar degeneration

Pangshura tentoria Wounds healed (dog bite)

Testudo horsfieldi Carapace inflammation

Trach s elegans Experimental laparotomy 6 months later

Testudo marginata Plastron 2 years after ventral entry. Necrosis of the original resected piece (R). + Newly produced scar tissue (L)

Testudo graeca Plastron after surgery Newly produced bone

Testudo graeca Plastron after surgery Newly produced bone
